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Microsoft SQL Server
SQL Server editions
The following table describes the editions of SQL Server.
| SQL Server edition | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enterprise | The premium offering, SQL Server Enterprise edition delivers comprehensive high-end datacenter capabilities with blazing-fast performance, unlimited virtualization1, and end-to-end business intelligence - enabling high service levels for mission-critical workloads and end-user access to data insights. |
| Standard | SQL Server Standard edition delivers basic data management and business intelligence database for departments and small organizations to run their applications and supports common development tools for on-premises and cloud - enabling effective database management with minimal IT resources. |
| Web | SQL Server Web edition is a low total-cost-of-ownership option for Web hosters and Web VAPs to provide scalability, affordability, and manageability capabilities for small to large-scale Web properties. |
| Developer | SQL Server Developer edition lets developers build any kind of application on top of SQL Server. It includes all the functionality of Enterprise edition, but is licensed for use as a development and test system, not as a production server. SQL Server Developer is an ideal choice for people who build and test applications. |
| Express editions | Express edition is the entry-level, free database and is ideal for learning and building desktop and small server data-driven applications. It is the best choice for independent software vendors, developers, and hobbyists building client applications. If you need more advanced database features, SQL Server Express can be seamlessly upgraded to other higher end versions of SQL Server. SQL Server Express LocalDB is a lightweight version of Express that has all of its programmability features, runs in user mode and has a fast, zero-configuration installation and a short list of prerequisites. |
1 Unlimited virtualization is available on Enterprise Edition for customers with Software Assurance. Deployments must comply with the licensing guide. For more information, see our pricing and licensing page.
Using SQL Server with client/server applications
You can install just the SQL Server client components on a computer that is running client/server applications that connect directly to an instance of SQL Server. A client components installation is also a good option if you administer an instance of SQL Server on a database server, or if you plan to develop SQL Server applications.
The client tools option installs the following SQL Server features: backward compatibility components, SQL Server Data Tools, connectivity components, management tools, software development kit, and SQL Server Books Online components.
Deciding among SQL Server components
Use the Feature Selection page of the SQL Server Installation Wizard to select the components to include in an installation of SQL Server. By default, none of the features in the tree are selected.
Use the information in the following tables to determine the set of features that best fits your needs.
| Server components | Description |
|---|---|
| SQL Server Database Engine | SQL Server Database Engine includes the Database Engine, the core service for storing, processing, and securing data, replication, full-text search, tools for managing relational and XML data, in database analytics integration, and PolyBase integration for access to Hadoop and other heterogeneous data sources, and Machine Learning Services to run Python and R scripts with relational data. |
| Analysis Services | Analysis Services includes the tools for creating and managing online analytical processing (OLAP) and data mining applications. |
| Reporting Services | Reporting Services includes server and client components for creating, managing, and deploying tabular, matrix, graphical, and free-form reports. Reporting Services is also an extensible platform that you can use to develop report applications. |
| Integration Services | Integration Services is a set of graphical tools and programmable objects for moving, copying, and transforming data. It also includes the Data Quality Services (DQS) component for Integration Services. |
| Master Data Services | Master Data Services (MDS) is the SQL Server solution for master data management. MDS can be configured to manage any domain (products, customers, accounts) and includes hierarchies, granular security, transactions, data versioning, and business rules, as well as an Add-in for Excel that can be used to manage data. |
| Machine Learning Services (In-Database) | Machine Learning Services (In-Database) supports distributed, scalable machine learning solutions using enterprise data sources. In SQL Server 2016, the R language was supported. SQL Server 2019 (15.x) supports R and Python. |
| Machine Learning Server (Standalone) | Machine Learning Server (Standalone) supports deployment of distributed, scalable machine learning solutions on multiple platforms and using multiple enterprise data sources, including Linux and Hadoop. In SQL Server 2016, the R language was supported. SQL Server 2019 (15.x) supports R and Python. |
| Management tools | Description |
|---|---|
| SQL Server Management Studio | SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is an integrated environment to access, configure, manage, administer, and develop components of SQL Server. SSMS lets developers and administrators of all skill levels use SQL Server. The latest edition of SSMS updates SMO, which includes the SQL Assessment API. Download and install Management Studio from Download SQL Server Management Studio |
| SQL Server Configuration Manager | SQL Server Configuration Manager provides basic configuration management for SQL Server services, server protocols, client protocols, and client aliases. |
| SQL Server Profiler | SQL Server Profiler provides a graphical user interface to monitor an instance of the Database Engine or Analysis Services. |
| Database Engine Tuning Advisor | Database Engine Tuning Advisor helps create optimal sets of indexes, indexed views, and partitions. |
| Data Quality Client | Provides a highly simple and intuitive graphical user interface to connect to the DQS server, and perform data cleansing operations. It also allows you to centrally monitor various activities performed during the data cleansing operation. |
| SQL Server Data Tools | SQL Server Data Tools provides an IDE for building solutions for the Business Intelligence components: Analysis Services, Reporting Services, and Integration Services. (Formerly called Business Intelligence Development Studio). SQL Server Data Tools also includes "Database Projects", which provides an integrated environment for database developers to carry out all their database design work for any SQL Server platform (both on and off premise) within Visual Studio. Database developers can use the enhanced Server Explorer in Visual Studio to easily create or edit database objects and data, or execute queries. |
| Connectivity Components | Installs components for communication between clients and servers, and network libraries for DB-Library, ODBC, and OLE DB. |
| Documentation | Description |
|---|---|
| SQL Server Books Online | Core documentation for SQL Server. |
Developer and Evaluation Editions For features supported by Developer and Evaluation editions, see features listed for the SQL Server Enterprise Edition in the tables below.
The Developer edition continues to support only 1 client for SQL Server Distributed Replay.
Scale limits
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum compute capacity used by a single instance - SQL Server Database Engine1 | Operating system maximum | Limited to lesser of 4 sockets or 24 cores | Limited to lesser of 4 sockets or 16 cores | Limited to lesser of 1 socket or 4 cores | Limited to lesser of 1 socket or 4 cores |
| Maximum compute capacity used by a single instance - Analysis Services or Reporting Services | Operating system maximum | Limited to lesser of 4 sockets or 24 cores | Limited to lesser of 4 sockets or 16 cores | Limited to lesser of 1 socket or 4 cores | Limited to lesser of 1 socket or 4 cores |
| Maximum memory for buffer pool per instance of SQL Server Database Engine | Operating System Maximum | 128 GB | 64 GB | 1410 MB | 1410 MB |
| Maximum memory for Columnstore segment cache per instance of SQL Server Database Engine | Unlimited memory | 32 GB | 16 GB | 352 MB | 352 MB |
| Maximum memory-optimized data size per database in SQL Server Database Engine | Unlimited memory | 32 GB | 16 GB | 352 MB | 352 MB |
| Maximum memory utilized per instance of Analysis Services | Operating System Maximum | Tabular: 16 GB MOLAP: 64 GB |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Maximum memory utilized per instance of Reporting Services | Operating System Maximum | 64 GB | 64 GB | 4 GB | N/A |
| Maximum relational database size | 524 PB | 524 PB | 524 PB | 10 GB | 10 GB |
1 Enterprise Edition with Server + Client Access License (CAL) based licensing (not available for new agreements) is limited to a maximum of 20 cores per SQL Server instance. There are no limits under the Core-based Server Licensing model. For more information, see Compute Capacity Limits by Edition of SQL Server.
RDBMS high availability
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Server core support 1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Log shipping | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Database mirroring | Yes | Yes Full safety only |
Witness only | Witness only | Witness only |
| Backup compression | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Database snapshot | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Always On failover cluster instances2 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Always On availability groups3 | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Basic availability groups 4 | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| Automatic read write connection re-routing | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Online page and file restore | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Online index create and rebuild | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Resumable online index rebuilds | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Online schema change | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Fast recovery | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Accelerated database recovery | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Mirrored backups | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Hot add memory and CPU | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Database recovery advisor | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Encrypted backup | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Hybrid backup to Windows Azure (backup to URL) | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Cluster-less availability group | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Failover servers for disaster recovery 5 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Failover servers for high availability 5 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Failover servers for disaster recovery in Azure 5 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
1 For more information on installing SQL Server on Server Core, see Install SQL Server on Server Core.
2 On Enterprise Edition, the number of nodes is the operating system maximum. On Standard edition there is support for two nodes.
3 On Enterprise Edition, provides support for up to 8 secondary replicas - including 5 synchronous secondary replicas.
4 Standard Edition supports basic availability groups. A basic availability group supports two replicas, with one database. For more information about basic availability groups, see Basic Availability Groups.
5 Software assurance required.
RDBMS scalability and performance
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columnstore 1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Large object binaries in clustered columnstore indexes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Online non-clustered columnstore index rebuild | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| In-Memory Database: In-Memory OLTP 1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes, 2 | Yes |
| In-Memory Database: hybrid buffer pool | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| In-Memory Database: memory-optimized tempdb metadata | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| In-Memory Database: persistent memory support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Stretch database | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Multi-instance support | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Table and index partitioning | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Data compression | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Resource governor | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Partitioned table parallelism | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Multiple filestream containers | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| NUMA aware and large page memory and buffer array allocation | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Buffer pool extension | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| IO resource governance | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Read-ahead | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Advanced scanning | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Delayed durability | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Intelligent Database: automatic tuning | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Intelligent Database: batch mode for row store | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Intelligent Database: row mode memory grant feedback | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Intelligent Database: approximate count distinct | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Intelligent Database: table variable deferred compilation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Intelligent Database: scalar UDF inlining | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Batch mode adaptive joins | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Batch mode memory grant feedback | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Interleaved execution for multi-statement table valued functions | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bulk insert improvements | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
1 In-Memory OLTP data size and Columnstore segment cache are limited to the amount of memory specified by edition in the Scale Limits section. The max degrees of parallelism is limited. The degrees of process parallelism (DOP) for an index build is limited to 2 DOP for the Standard Edition and 1 DOP for the Web and Express Editions. This refers to columnstore indexes created over disk-based tables and memory-optimized tables.
2 This feature is not included in the LocalDB installation option.
RDBMS security
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express | Express with Advanced Services |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Row-level security | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Always Encrypted | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Always Encrypted with Secure Enclaves | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Dynamic data masking | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Server audit | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Database audit | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Transparent database encryption | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Extensible key management | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| User-defined roles | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Contained databases | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Encryption for backups | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Data classification and auditing | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Replication
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heterogeneous subscribers | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Merge replication | Yes | Yes | Yes (Subscriber only) | Yes (Subscriber only) | Yes (Subscriber only) |
| Oracle publishing | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Peer to peer transactional replication | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Snapshot replication | Yes | Yes | Yes (Subscriber only) | Yes (Subscriber only) | Yes (Subscriber only) |
| SQL Server change tracking | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Transactional replication | Yes | Yes | Yes (Subscriber only) | Yes (Subscriber only) | Yes (Subscriber only) |
| Transactional replication to Azure | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Transactional replication updateable subscription | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Management tools
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SQL Management Objects (SMO) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| SQL Assessment API | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| SQL Vulnerability Assessment | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| SQL Configuration Manager | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| SQL CMD (Command Prompt tool) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Distributed Replay - Admin Tool | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Distribute Replay - Client | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Distributed Replay - Controller | Yes (Up to 16 clients) | Yes (1 client) | Yes (1 client) | No | No |
| SQL Profiler | Yes | Yes | No 1 | No 1 | No 1 |
| SQL Server Agent | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Microsoft System Center Operations Manager Management Pack | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Database Tuning Advisor (DTA) | Yes | Yes 2 | Yes 2 | No | No |
1 SQL Server Web, SQL Server Express, SQL Server Express with Tools, and SQL Server Express with Advanced Services can be profiled using SQL Server Standard and SQL Server Enterprise editions.
2 Tuning enabled only on Standard edition features
RDBMS manageability
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| User instances | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| LocalDB | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Dedicated admin connection | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes with trace flag | Yes with trace flag |
| SysPrep support 1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| PowerShell scripting support2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Support for data-tier application component operations - extract, deploy, upgrade, delete | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Policy automation (check on schedule and change) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Performance data collector | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Able to enroll as a managed instance in multi-instance management | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Standard performance reports | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Plan guides and plan freezing for plan guides | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Direct query of indexed views (using NOEXPAND hint) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Direct query SQL Server Analysis Services | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Automatic indexed views maintenance | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Distributed partitioned views | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Parallel indexed operations | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Automatic use of indexed view by query optimizer | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Parallel consistency check | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| SQL Server Utility Control Point | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Buffer pool extension | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Master instance for big data cluster | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Compatibility certification | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
1 For more information, see Considerations for Installing SQL Server Using SysPrep.
2 On Linux, PowerShell scripts are supported, from Windows computers targeting SQL Server on Linux.
Development tools
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft Visual Studio integration | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Intellisense (Transact-SQL and MDX) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| MDX edit, debug, and design tools | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Programmability
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic R integration 1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Advanced R integration 2 | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Basic Python integration | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Advanced Python integration | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Machine Learning Server (Standalone) | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| PolyBase compute node | Yes | Yes 3 | Yes 3 | Yes 3 | Yes 3 |
| PolyBase head node 4 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| JSON | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Query Store | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Temporal | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Common Language Runtime (CLR) Integration | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Java Language Runtime Integration | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Native XML support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| XML indexing | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| MERGE & UPSERT capabilities | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FILESTREAM support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| FileTable | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Date and Time datatypes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Internationalization support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Full-text and semantic search | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Specification of language in query | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Service Broker (messaging) | Yes | Yes | No (Client only) | No (Client only) | No (Client only) |
| Transact-SQL endpoints | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Graph | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| UTF-8 support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
1 Basic integration is limited to 2 cores and in-memory data sets.
2 Advanced integration can use all available cores for parallel processing of data sets at any size subject to hardware limits.
3 Scale out with multiple compute nodes requires a head node.
4 Prior to SQL Server 2019 PolyBase head node requires Enterprise Edition.
Integration Services
For info about SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) features supported by the editions of SQL Server, see Integration Services Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server.
Master Data Services
For information about the Master Data Services and Data Quality Services features supported by the editions of SQL Server, see Master Data Services and Data Quality Services Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server.
Data warehouse
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auto-generate staging and data warehouse schema | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Change data capture | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Star join query optimizations | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Parallel query processing on partitioned tables and indexes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Global batch aggregation | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Analysis Services
For information about the Analysis Services features supported by the editions of SQL Server, see Analysis Services Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server.
Reporting Services
For information about the Reporting Services features supported by the editions of SQL Server, see Reporting Services Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server.
Business intelligence clients
For information about the Business Intelligence Client features supported by the editions of SQL Server, see Analysis Services Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server or Reporting Services Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server.
Spatial and location services
| Feature Name | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spatial indexes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Planar and geodetic datatypes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Advanced spatial libraries | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Import/export of industry-standard spatial data formats | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Additional database services
| Feature Name | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SQL Server Migration Assistant | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Database mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Other components
| Feature Name | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express with Advanced Services | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| StreamInsight | StreamInsight Premium Edition | StreamInsight Standard Edition | StreamInsight Standard Edition | No | No |
| StreamInsight HA | StreamInsight Premium Edition | No | No | No | No |
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